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C, C++, XML, Visual Basic, HTML, Java, Perl, PHP, Smalltalk-80, Ada, Self, Modula-2, PL/I, SNOBOL, BASIC, Pascal.

VIVAnews - TEKNOLOGI http://rss.vivanews.com RSS Service en-us Tue, 07 Dec 2010 01:23:56 +0800 Tue, 07 Dec 2010 01:23:56 +0800 http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification redaksi@vivanews.com (Redaksi VIVAnews) redaksi@vivanews.com (Redaksi VIVAnews) Copyright 2008, www.vivanews.com TEKNOLOGI 1 VivaNews.co.id http://rss.vivanews.com http://www.vivanews.com/appaux/images/header_home_merah.jpg 213 30 Viva News Feeds Pesawat Rahasia AS Sukses Mendarat di Bumi http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192411-pesawat-antariksa-rahasia-as-tuntaskan-misi

Pesawat ini sempat dikhawatirkan sebagai upaya AS untuk mempersenjatai antariksa. Mon, 06 Dec 2010 15:39:19 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192411-pesawat-antariksa-rahasia-as-tuntaskan-misi 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/192411-pesawat-antariksa-rahasia-as-tuntaskan-misi#comments Asal Usul Situs WikiLeaks http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192409-asal-usul-situs-wikileaks

Siapa Julian Assange? Apa motif WikiLeaks sebenarnya? Mon, 06 Dec 2010 15:37:34 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192409-asal-usul-situs-wikileaks 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/192409-asal-usul-situs-wikileaks#comments Gagal Orbit, Satelit Rusia Terdampar http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192363-gagal-orbit--satelit-rusia-terdampar

Sejak awal, roket Proton yang membawa ketiga satelit mengambil lintasan yang salah. Mon, 06 Dec 2010 12:23:42 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192363-gagal-orbit--satelit-rusia-terdampar 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/192363-gagal-orbit--satelit-rusia-terdampar#comments Wikileaks Punya Bocoran Dokumen UFO http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192343-wikileaks-punya-bocoran-dokumen-ufo

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Seorang profesor dari New York University memasang kamera implan di kepalanya. Mon, 06 Dec 2010 10:53:43 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192340-profesor-cyborg-bisa--melihat--ke-belakang 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/192340-profesor-cyborg-bisa--melihat--ke-belakang#comments Misteri Segitiga Bermuda, Ini Jawaban NASA http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192325-misteri-segitiga-bermuda--ini-jawaban-nasa

Faktor signifikan adalah arus laut yang kuat, disebut Gulf Stream. Mon, 06 Dec 2010 10:05:13 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192325-misteri-segitiga-bermuda--ini-jawaban-nasa 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/192325-misteri-segitiga-bermuda--ini-jawaban-nasa#comments Satelit Peneliti Kotoran Manusia di Antariksa http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192260-satelit-peneliti-kotoran-manusia-di-antariksa

Tim dari Florida akan meluncurkan satelit khusus untuk meneliti bakteri di kotoran manusia Sun, 05 Dec 2010 18:03:28 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192260-satelit-peneliti-kotoran-manusia-di-antariksa 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/192260-satelit-peneliti-kotoran-manusia-di-antariksa#comments Akun Milik WikiLeaks Diberangus PayPal http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192212-akun-milik-wikileaks-diberangus-paypal

Donatur tak bisa menyalurkan dana ke WikiLeaks melalui PayPal. Sun, 05 Dec 2010 07:23:13 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192212-akun-milik-wikileaks-diberangus-paypal 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/192212-akun-milik-wikileaks-diberangus-paypal#comments Selamat Tinggal, Limewire! http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192166-selamat-tinggal--limewire-

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Google telah mengakui melanggar hak privasi sebuah keluarga di AS. Sat, 04 Dec 2010 07:42:47 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192107-google-kalah-di-meja-hijau--didenda-us--1 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/192107-google-kalah-di-meja-hijau--didenda-us--1#comments China Ukir Rekor Kecepatan KA Konvensional http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192062-china-ukir-rekor-kecepatan-ka-konvensional

Kereta ini akan menyingkat waktu perjalanan antara Beijing-Shanghai hingga cuma lima jam. Fri, 03 Dec 2010 19:30:00 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192062-china-ukir-rekor-kecepatan-ka-konvensional 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/192062-china-ukir-rekor-kecepatan-ka-konvensional#comments Hacker Peras Selebriti Papan Atas http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192055-hacker-peras-selebriti-papan-atas

Hacker menggunakan program trojan dan menerobos masuk ke jaringan komputer pribadi. Fri, 03 Dec 2010 18:54:45 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192055-hacker-peras-selebriti-papan-atas 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/192055-hacker-peras-selebriti-papan-atas#comments MP3 Player Berbahan Bakar Tubuh Manusia http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/192002-mp3-player-berbahan-bakar-tubuh-manusia

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"Jika disandingkan dengan BlackBerry, Android jauh lebih powerful." Fri, 03 Dec 2010 14:02:31 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/191987-3-alasan-android-sulit--meledak--di-indonesia 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/191987-3-alasan-android-sulit--meledak--di-indonesia#comments NASA Temukan Makhluk Hidup Baru http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/191970-nasa-temukan-makhluk-hidup-baru

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Orang tua kebanyakan mengandalkan metode GPS dalam menemukan sebuah lokasi. Fri, 03 Dec 2010 05:43:00 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/191869-keranjingan-gps-membuat-anda-pikun- 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/191869-keranjingan-gps-membuat-anda-pikun-#comments Astronom Temukan Atmosfir Serupa Bumi http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/191844-astronom-temukan-atmosfir-serupa-bumi

GJ 1214b, planet yang memiliki atmosfir itu berukuran 2,7 kali lebih besar dari Bumi. Fri, 03 Dec 2010 00:42:00 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/191844-astronom-temukan-atmosfir-serupa-bumi 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/191844-astronom-temukan-atmosfir-serupa-bumi#comments Jejaring Sosial Balita Pertama di Dunia http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/191791-jejaring-sosial-balita-pertama-di-dunia

Alat ini bisa memberi motivasi anak-anak untuk lebih giat mengerjakan aktivitas mereka. Thu, 02 Dec 2010 14:22:56 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/191791-jejaring-sosial-balita-pertama-di-dunia 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/191791-jejaring-sosial-balita-pertama-di-dunia#comments Merkuri, Penyebab Burung Jadi Homoseks http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/191780-faktor-penyebab-burung-jadi-homoseks

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"Ada kemungkinan triliunan planet seperti bumi yang mengorbit pada bintang kerdil itu." Thu, 02 Dec 2010 11:52:37 +0700 http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/191753-jumlah-bintang-di-semesta-3-kali-lebih-banyak 3 http://rss.vivanews.com/news/read/191753-jumlah-bintang-di-semesta-3-kali-lebih-banyak#comments

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Jumat, 19 November 2010

ada dc

Math::BigRat(3pm) Perl Programmers Reference Guide Math::BigRat(3pm)

NAME
Math::BigRat - Arbitrary big rational numbers

SYNOPSIS
use Math::BigRat;

my $x = Math::BigRat->new('3/7'); $x += '5/9';

print $x->bstr(),"\n";
print $x ** 2,"\n";

my $y = Math::BigRat->new('inf');
print "$y ", ($y->is_inf ? 'is' : 'is not') , " infinity\n";

my $z = Math::BigRat->new(144); $z->bsqrt();

DESCRIPTION
Math::BigRat complements Math::BigInt and Math::BigFloat by providing support for arbitrary big
rational numbers.

MATH LIBRARY

You can change the underlying module that does the low-level math operations by using:

use Math::BigRat try => 'GMP';

Note: This needs Math::BigInt::GMP installed.

The following would first try to find Math::BigInt::Foo, then Math::BigInt::Bar, and when this also
fails, revert to Math::BigInt::Calc:

use Math::BigRat try => 'Foo,Math::BigInt::Bar';

If you want to get warned when the fallback occurs, replace "try" with "lib":

use Math::BigRat lib => 'Foo,Math::BigInt::Bar';

If you want the code to die instead, replace "try" with "only":

use Math::BigRat only => 'Foo,Math::BigInt::Bar';

METHODS
Any methods not listed here are derived from Math::BigFloat (or Math::BigInt), so make sure you check
these two modules for further information.

new()

$x = Math::BigRat->new('1/3');

Create a new Math::BigRat object. Input can come in various forms:

$x = Math::BigRat->new(123); # scalars
$x = Math::BigRat->new('inf'); # infinity
$x = Math::BigRat->new('123.3'); # float
$x = Math::BigRat->new('1/3'); # simple string
$x = Math::BigRat->new('1 / 3'); # spaced
$x = Math::BigRat->new('1 / 0.1'); # w/ floats
$x = Math::BigRat->new(Math::BigInt->new(3)); # BigInt
$x = Math::BigRat->new(Math::BigFloat->new('3.1')); # BigFloat
$x = Math::BigRat->new(Math::BigInt::Lite->new('2')); # BigLite

# You can also give D and N as different objects:
$x = Math::BigRat->new(
Math::BigInt->new(-123),
Math::BigInt->new(7),
); # => -123/7

numerator()

$n = $x->numerator();

Returns a copy of the numerator (the part above the line) as signed BigInt.

denominator()

$d = $x->denominator();

Returns a copy of the denominator (the part under the line) as positive BigInt.

parts()

($n,$d) = $x->parts();

Return a list consisting of (signed) numerator and (unsigned) denominator as BigInts.

numify()

my $y = $x->numify();

Returns the object as a scalar. This will lose some data if the object cannot be represented by a
normal Perl scalar (integer or float), so use as_int() instead.

This routine is automatically used whenever a scalar is required:

my $x = Math::BigRat->new('3/1');
@array = (1,2,3);
$y = $array[$x]; # set $y to 3

as_int()/as_number()

$x = Math::BigRat->new('13/7');
print $x->as_int(),"\n"; # '1'

Returns a copy of the object as BigInt, truncated to an integer.

"as_number()" is an alias for "as_int()".

as_hex()

$x = Math::BigRat->new('13');
print $x->as_hex(),"\n"; # '0xd'

Returns the BigRat as hexadecimal string. Works only for integers.

as_bin()

$x = Math::BigRat->new('13');
print $x->as_bin(),"\n"; # '0x1101'

Returns the BigRat as binary string. Works only for integers.

as_oct()

$x = Math::BigRat->new('13');
print $x->as_oct(),"\n"; # '015'

Returns the BigRat as octal string. Works only for integers.

from_hex()/from_bin()/from_oct()

my $h = Math::BigRat->from_hex('0x10');
my $b = Math::BigRat->from_bin('0b10000000');
my $o = Math::BigRat->from_oct('020');

Create a BigRat from an hexadecimal, binary or octal number in string form.

length()

$len = $x->length();

Return the length of $x in digitis for integer values.

digit()

print Math::BigRat->new('123/1')->digit(1); # 1
print Math::BigRat->new('123/1')->digit(-1); # 3

Return the N'ths digit from X when X is an integer value.

bnorm()

$x->bnorm();

Reduce the number to the shortest form. This routine is called automatically whenever it is needed.

bfac()

$x->bfac();

Calculates the factorial of $x. For instance:

print Math::BigRat->new('3/1')->bfac(),"\n"; # 1*2*3
print Math::BigRat->new('5/1')->bfac(),"\n"; # 1*2*3*4*5

Works currently only for integers.

bround()/round()/bfround()

Are not yet implemented.

bmod()

use Math::BigRat;
my $x = Math::BigRat->new('7/4');
my $y = Math::BigRat->new('4/3');
print $x->bmod($y);

Set $x to the remainder of the division of $x by $y.

bneg()

$x->bneg();

Used to negate the object in-place.

is_one()

print "$x is 1\n" if $x->is_one();

Return true if $x is exactly one, otherwise false.

is_zero()

print "$x is 0\n" if $x->is_zero();

Return true if $x is exactly zero, otherwise false.

is_pos()/is_positive()

print "$x is >= 0\n" if $x->is_positive();

Return true if $x is positive (greater than or equal to zero), otherwise false. Please note that
'+inf' is also positive, while 'NaN' and '-inf' aren't.

"is_positive()" is an alias for "is_pos()".

is_neg()/is_negative()

print "$x is < 0\n" if $x->is_negative();

Return true if $x is negative (smaller than zero), otherwise false. Please note that '-inf' is also
negative, while 'NaN' and '+inf' aren't.

"is_negative()" is an alias for "is_neg()".

is_int()

print "$x is an integer\n" if $x->is_int();

Return true if $x has a denominator of 1 (e.g. no fraction parts), otherwise false. Please note that
'-inf', 'inf' and 'NaN' aren't integer.

is_odd()

print "$x is odd\n" if $x->is_odd();

Return true if $x is odd, otherwise false.

is_even()

print "$x is even\n" if $x->is_even();

Return true if $x is even, otherwise false.

bceil()

$x->bceil();

Set $x to the next bigger integer value (e.g. truncate the number to integer and then increment it by
one).

bfloor()

$x->bfloor();

Truncate $x to an integer value.

bsqrt()

$x->bsqrt();

Calculate the square root of $x.

broot()

$x->broot($n);

Calculate the N'th root of $x.

badd()/bmul()/bsub()/bdiv()/bdec()/binc()

Please see the documentation in Math::BigInt.

copy()

my $z = $x->copy();

Makes a deep copy of the object.

Please see the documentation in Math::BigInt for further details.

bstr()/bsstr()

my $x = Math::BigInt->new('8/4');
print $x->bstr(),"\n"; # prints 1/2
print $x->bsstr(),"\n"; # prints 1/2

Return a string representating this object.

bacmp()/bcmp()

Used to compare numbers.

Please see the documentation in Math::BigInt for further details.

blsft()/brsft()

Used to shift numbers left/right.

Please see the documentation in Math::BigInt for further details.

bpow()

$x->bpow($y);

Compute $x ** $y.

Please see the documentation in Math::BigInt for further details.

bexp()

$x->bexp($accuracy); # calculate e ** X

Calculates two integers A and B so that A/B is equal to "e ** $x", where "e" is Euler's number.

This method was added in v0.20 of Math::BigRat (May 2007).

See also blog().

bnok()

$x->bnok($y); # x over y (binomial coefficient n over k)

Calculates the binomial coefficient n over k, also called the "choose" function. The result is
equivalent to:

( n ) n!
| - | = -------( ------(
( k ) k!(n-k)!

This method was added in v0.20 of Math::BigRat (May 2007).

config()

use Data::Dumper;

print Dumper ( Math::BigRat->config() );
print Math::BigRat->config()->{lib},"\n";

Returns a hash containing the configuration, e.g. the version number, lib loaded etc. The following
hash keys are currently filled in with the appropriate information.

key RO/RW Description
Example
============================================================
lib RO Name of the Math library
Math::BigInt::Calc
lib_version RO Version of 'lib'
0.30
class RO The class of config you just called
Math::BigRat
version RO version number of the class you used
0.10
upgrade RW To which class numbers are upgraded
undef
downgrade RW To which class numbers are downgraded
undef
precision RW Global precision
undef
accuracy RW Global accuracy
undef
round_mode RW Global round mode
even
div_scale RW Fallback accuracy for div
40
trap_nan RW Trap creation of NaN (undef = no)
undef
trap_inf RW Trap creation of +inf/-inf (undef = no)
undef

By passing a reference to a hash you may set the configuration values. This works only for values
that a marked with a "RW" above, anything else is read-only.

BUGS
Some things are not yet implemented, or only implemented half-way:

inf handling (partial)
NaN handling (partial)
rounding (not implemented except for bceil/bfloor)
$x ** $y where $y is not an integer
bmod(), blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)

LICENSE
This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl
itself.

SEE ALSO
Math::BigFloat and Math::Big as well as Math::BigInt::BitVect, Math::BigInt::Pari and
Math::BigInt::GMP.

See for a way to use Math::BigRat.

The package at may contain more documentation
and examples as well as testcases.

AUTHORS
(C) by Tels 2001 - 2007.

perl v5.10.0 2007-12-18 Math::BigRat(3pm)

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